# SB 53: California SI Safety Law Explained > SB 53 (California): Developers that train frontier models above 10^26 operations; large frontier developers, with over $500 million in annual revenue. Source: https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/ca-sb-53/ Updated: 2026-11-08 1. [Home](https://enterrsi.si/) 2. [Encyclopedia](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/) 3. SB 53 RSI Encyclopedia · Law · California # SB 53 SB 53 is an SI safety measure in California, status: in force. Developers that train frontier models above 10^26 operations; large frontier developers, with over $500 million in annual revenue, carry the heaviest duties. Status : In force Jurisdiction : California Signed : Sep 29, 2025 Next date : Jan 1, 2027 ## What it is Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53, Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) Developers that train frontier models above 10^26 operations; large frontier developers, with over $500 million in annual revenue, carry the heaviest duties. ## What it requires - Large developers publish a frontier SI framework, review it yearly and post material changes within 30 days - Publish a transparency report before deploying a new or substantially modified frontier model - Report critical safety incidents to Cal OES within 15 days, or within 24 hours if there is imminent risk of death or serious injury - Large developers send Cal OES summaries of internal catastrophic risk assessments every three months - Protect whistleblowers, with an anonymous internal reporting channel at large developers ## Penalties Civil penalties of up to $1 million per violation, enforced only by the California Attorney General. ## What happens next **January 1, 2027:** First annual Cal OES report on critical safety incidents, Attorney General whistleblower report and Department of Technology review of frontier definitions due. ## Status In force As of November 8, 2026, per the [Control Map page for California](https://enterrsi.si/control-map/california/). Statuses follow the Control Map method: in force means binding and applying now; passed means enacted but not yet applying; voluntary covers guidance and pledges; proposed means formally introduced; stalled means withdrawn, paused or dead. ## Sources 1. [SB 53: Artificial intelligence models: large developers](https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260sb53) CalMatters Digital Democracy 2. [California SB 53: Frontier AI Law Explained](https://casrai.org/guides/california-sb-53-frontier-ai-transparency-act) CASRAI · Sep 19, 2026 3. [OpenAI wants California to toughen the AI law it once fought](https://thenextweb.com/news/openai-sb-53-california-ai-safety-law-amendments) The Next Web · Aug 24, 2026 The measure Short name : SB 53 Jurisdiction : [California](https://enterrsi.si/control-map/california/) Status : In force Key dates Introduced : January 7, 2025 Signed or adopted : September 29, 2025 Effective : January 1, 2026 Next step : January 1, 2027 Other measures in California [SB 813 **Law**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/ca-sb-813/)[EO N-9-26 **Law**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/ca-eo-n-9-26/) Related terms [Incident disclosure **Term**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/incident-disclosure/)[Whistleblower protection **Term**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/whistleblower-protection/)[Compute threshold **Term**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/compute-threshold/)[Frontier model **Term**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/frontier-model/)[Frontier safety framework **Term**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/frontier-safety-framework/) Upcoming date [SB 53 deadline, January 1, 2027 **Event**](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/ca-sb-53-2027-01-01/) Cite this entry "SB 53." The RSI Encyclopedia, enterrsi.si, November 8, 2026. https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/ca-sb-53/ Free to cite under CC BY 4.0 with a link to enterrsi.si. The RSI Encyclopedia ## Keep reading 207 entries on the terms, labs, models, laws and events of rogue SI, plus every case in the Rogue Incident Database. [Previous law SB 315](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/il-sb-315/)[Next law SB 813](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/ca-sb-813/) Enter RSI ## Every term, lab, model and law Browse the full A to Z index, filter by category or search for a name. [Open the encyclopedia](https://enterrsi.si/encyclopedia/) [Incident Database](https://enterrsi.si/incidents/) [Containment Board](https://enterrsi.si/containment-board/)